A good appreciation of the nature of reservoir and nonreservoir rocks in the subsurface is of fundamental importance to sound ep decision making. It explains this model from basics and shows how the model can be applied to both siliciclastic and carbonate successions. This page lists some of the literature click on pdfadobe icons to download pdf files of papers on the book cliffs sedimentary record and its sequence stratigraphic character in response to base level change. Facies analysis and sequence stratigraphic framework of. Earlier stratigraphic work had predicted that at the type section of the castlegate formation, the castle gate, near price, utah, the unit consists of two sequences separated by a sequence boundary representing approximately one million years of unrecorded time. Bookcliffs high frequency clastic parasequence sets after coe et al, 2003. The sedimentary successions of the book cliffs in eastcentral utah have been extensively studied with respect to sequence stratigraphy e. Dec 19, 20 sequence stratigraphy concepts and applications 1.
The recurrence of the same types of sequence stratigraphic surface through geologic time defines cycles of change in accommodation or sediment supply, which correspond to sequences in the rock record. Introduction facies analysis is an important part of any stratigraphic study. Exposures of upper cretaceous strata in the book cliffs have played a key role in the formulation of modern sequence stratigraphic concepts, and yet correlations with timeequivalent strata in nearby regions remain uncertain, resulting in an incomplete understanding of regional paleogeography. These superb exposures of the upper cretaceous blackhawk formation and associated units are used to demonstrate regionalscale, fieldscale, and reservoirscale stratigraphic. Journal of environment and earth science issn 22243216 paper issn 22250948 online vol. Continuous, wellexposed and easilyaccessible outcrops make it possible to analyze facies relationships of stratigraphic sequences in great detail, both in terms of lateral variation systems tracts and vertical stacking patterns parasequences. Reevaluating the sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. You are introduced to sea level and base level, sequence, concepts of sequence stratigraphy from the perspective of evolving sediment geometry through time, and relative sea level changes. Sequence stratigraphy in the book cliffs, utah goal. The sequence stratigraphy of the book cliffs of eastern. The desert and castlegate sandstones, 2001 pages iiii, 181. Sequence stratigraphy from sepm strata though diachronous over their lateral extent, bounding surfaces have.
This paper discusses only two scales of stratigraphic sequences. The cretaceous books cliffs of utah are best known as the mecca of sequence stratigraphers, but besides excellent exposures that allow tracing of sandstone bodies and sequence boundaries the succession also contains abundant shales and mudstones. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Their stratal architectures are classically interpreted in terms of accommodation controls that were external to the sediment routing system allogenic, and that forced the formation of flooding surfaces. It usually involves subdividing a sedimentary basin fill into individual sequence s of deposition hence the name, which can then be linked to changes in the two fundamental parameters of sediment supply and accommodation the amount of space available for deposition.
Pdf the castlegate sandstone of the book cliffs, utah. Sealevel change has occurred throughout earths history. The reason for choosing these is unlike the primarily horizontal strata of the book cliffs where one is almost always standing at the base of a cliff where all the. Tectonic setting, stratigraphy, and sedimentology of the book cliffs 8. Sequence stratigraphy of the book cliffs of eastern utah, the. Sequence stratigraphy and marine to nonmarine facies architecture of foreland basin strata, book cliffs, utah, u. Sequence stratigraphy of the book cliffs of eastern utah. The book cliffs have preserved excellent strata of the foreland basin of the ancient western interior seaway that stretched north from the gulf of mexico to the yukon in the cretaceous time. Outcrop and subsurface examples from the cretaceous of. Stratigraphy is the science of the layered character of rocks, be these sedimentary, volcanic, metamorphic, or igneous rocks. Reevaluating the sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of. The american association of petroleum geologists is an international organization with over 38,000 members in 100plus countries. The book cliffs region is often cited as an analog for subsurface exploration, particularly in foreland basins, and sequence stratigraphy has become one of the leading methods for correlating and mapping depositional packages, leading to significant discoveries of petroleum in fields that had been abandoned, as well as new discoveries.
Book cliffs, which expose the same strata in an overall dip orientation fig. Book cliffs sequence stratigraphy, helper ut 3d model by. Geologic and anthropogenic field excursions in the rocky mountains from modern to ancient. His principle of original horizontality recorded how sediments are deposited. Simon provides expertise in the areas of sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy and reservoir geologymodelling and has considerable knowledge of the book cliffs.
Outcrop and subsurface examples from the cretaceous of north america, aapg memoir, vol. This unique textbook describes how past changes in sealevel can be detected through an analysis of the sedimentary record. Sequences and systems tracts in the book cliffs 10. At their western limit, the book cliffs pass into the northsouthtrending wasatch plateau, which is oriented oblique to regional depositional strike figs 2 and 3b. Hampson 2010 can be extended into the star point sandstone and blackhawk formation of the wasatch plateau to provide a. He indicates that this lies between the transgreesive system tract and that of the highstand. Sequence stratigraphic interpretations are tightly constrained along 2d cliff. Highresolution sequence stratigraphic analysis along a 35 km diporiented outcrop belt. The exceptional quality of the wasatch plateau outcrop has given rise to a plethora of stratigraphic studies and serves as a natural laboratory in which to apply sequence stratigraphic principles to clastic sedimentary suc. Facies and sequence stratigraphic analysis identifies six highresolution sequences within upper campanian strata across about 120 miles of the book cliffs in western colorado and eastern utah. Carbonate cementation in a sequencestratigraphic framework. Recent advances in models of siliciclastic shallowmarine. Cretaceous shales book cliffs of utah kenilworth member of the blackhawk formation.
Ace ft 7 sedimentologic and sequencestratigraphic response of paralic deposits to changes in. Society for sedimentary geology sepm, special publications, 83, 3154. Sequence stratigraphy is a branch of geology that attempts to subdivide and link sedimentary deposits into unconformity bound units on a variety of scales and explain these stratigraphic units in terms of variations in sediment supply and variations in the rate of change in accommodation space relative sea level, the combination of eustatic sea level and tectonic subsidence. Extensive carbonate cementation of fluvial sandstones. Sequence stratigraphy american association of petroleum. Diporiented cross section of the campanian book cliffs strata showing clear. This program takes viewers on a virtual field trip. Most sequence stratigraphy trips are run in the book cliffs along the coloradoutah border, however our trip is run on outcrops that are well studied yet rarely frequented by others. In this lab, you will put together your knowledge of nearshore facies and sequence stratigraphy to correlate sections and interpret facies changes in the cretaceous stratigraphy of the book cliffs. In the book cliffs area, stratigraphic sequences documented by previous workers differ considerably in both time and physical scales.
Upper cretaceous strata exposed in the book cliffs of eastcentral utah are widely used as an archetype for the sequence stratigraphy of marginalmarine and shallowmarine deposits. Introductory presentation for a professional field course titled. Wavedominated shoreface successions in the spring canyon member of the blackhawk formation will be traced from updip, lagoonal facies through barrier island and offshore settings. He also equates the lowstand sytem tract with a relative fall and early rise. Expression of sequence stratigraphy in outcrop, the book cliffs, utah. Figure 2 shows depositional systems tracts and the bounding surfaces of a stratigraphic sequence depositional model. The desert member of the blackhawk formation and the castlegate sandstone in the book cliffs of utah and colorado were analyzed to develop a model of sequence stratigraphy and facies architecture. In particular, it concentrates on the current sequence stratigraphy model. The book cliffs of eastern utah and western colorado figs. Niels steno and johannes walther steno and walther s contributions to sedimentary interpretation and so sequence stratigraphy were profound. Sequence stratigraphy based on wireline logs, cores, and outcrops is entering its fourth decade of mainstream usage in industry and academia. Sequence stratigraphic concepts provide a means to classify, correlate, and map sedimentary rocks using timestratigraphic units. This field trip will examine classic outcrops in the northern book cliffs of utah, where many concepts in sequence stratigraphy were formulated.
Sequence stratigraphic significance of sharpbased lowstand shoreface deposits, kenilworth member, book cliffs, utah1 simon a. A 3d structurefrommotion sfm suasbased model near helper utah usa. This video is a virtual field trip to one of the classic locations in the world book cliffs, utah, usa where the sequence stratigraphy method was developed and tested. It was a great experience, which exceeded all my expectations for these reasons. A combined sequence boundary and transgressive surface top of lightcolored horizon in a deltaic setting. Thus, the existing stratigraphic framework of the shallowmarine blackhawk formation in the book cliffs balsley 1980. Free web tutorials sequence stratigraphy, tutorials carbonate petrology, seismic interpretation sequence stratigraphy exercises lower. Continuous, wellexposed and easilyaccessible outcrops make it possible to analyze facies relationships of stratigraphic sequences in great detail, both in terms of lateral variation systems tracts and vertical stacking patterns. One powerful method for studying sealevel change in the past is sequence stratigraphy. March, pages 414433 a sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic reinterpretation of the upper cretaceous prairie canyon member mancos b and associated strata, book cliffs area, utah, u.
Ace ft 7 sedimentologic and sequence stratigraphic response of paralic deposits to changes in accommodation. Usgs dds69g facies analysis and sequence stratigraphic. This approach avoids anchoring of sequence stratigraphic. Stratigraphic elements of shoreface and deltaic strata, upper cretaceous of the northern book cliffs sepm trip. The purposes of this association are to advance the science of geology. High resolution correlation of the upper cretaceous. Upper cretaceous stratigraphy, depositional environments, and reservoir geology of the. The book cliffs of eastern utah and western colorado have been pivotal in the development of outcropbased sequence stratigraphic concepts for nonmarine to shallow marine siliciclastic depositional settings. Jaffri with very deep and wide knowledge of carbonate and clastic depositional systems. Together with his experience from spdc shell nigeria, simon effectively demonstrated both theoretical and applied aspects at all levels in a clear, concise and thoughtful manner. Utah stratigraphic columns overview page these stratigraphic columns are dynamically created on the fly from information stored in a database. Towards a sequence stratigraphic solution set for autogenic. Sequence stratigraphy, a branch of sedimentary stratigraphy, is a methodology that uses the order sedimentary strata accumulated within a framework of major depositional and erosional surfaces to interpret the depositional setting of clastic and carbonate sediments from continental, marginal marine, basin margins, and downslope settings. Bleaching occurred during subaerial exposure, followed by boring and precipitation of siderite both in the burrows and in the knobby layer about 15 cm above the sequence boundary.
Book cliffs sequence stratigraphy papers this is a link to a page that lists some of the literature on the book cliffs sedimentary record and its sequence stratigraphic character in response to base level change. The genetic stratigraphic sequence the genetic stratigraphic sequence of galloway 1989 uses maximum flooding surfaces as sequence boundaries. The exercises below involve the analysis of parasequence from outcrops. Download citation highresolution correlation of the upper cretaceous stratigraphy between the book cliffs and western henry mountains syncline, utah, u. Following deposition and lithification, these sedimentary rocks were slowly uplifted to form the magnificent scenery in the western interior of canada and the united states. A sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic reinterpretation of the upper cretaceous prairie canyon member mancos b and associated strata, book cliffs area, utah, usa. Sequence stratigraphy of deepwater petroleum systems. The technique has proved to be an invaluable tool for improving stratigraphic analyses in both clastic and carbonate settings. Predicting reservoir architecture, the book cliffs of eastern utah society for sedimentary geology sepm thursday, 11 june sunday, 14 june 2020, 8. Sequence and facies architecture of the upper blackhawk. Sequence stratigraphy, a branch of sedimentary stratigraphy, uses the order strata accumulated in along with a framework of major depositional and erosional surfaces to interpret the depositional setting of clastic and carbonate sediments from continental, marginal marine, basin margins and downslope settings of basins. Sequence stratigraphy and marine to nonmarine facies.
Sequence stratigraphy, paleogeography, and tectonic controls, authorandrew d. Implications for the highresolution correlation of falling stage nonmarine, marginalmarine, and marine strata, in morgan, l. Van wagonersequence stratigraphy and marine to nonmarine facies architecture of foreland basin strata, book cliffs, utah, usa j. One of the most spectacular regions is the canyonlandsarea of eastcentral utah which is home to two national parks and one of the longest continuous. Obaje nigerian geological survey agency, kwara state office, p. Upper cretaceous strata exposed in the book cliffs of eastcentral utah are widely. The book cliffs of utah have become the premier locality globally for field teaching of sequence stratigraphy. The book cliffs form a large continuous escarpment 250 km that is aligned wnwese, oblique to regional depositional dip figs 2 and 3a. Pennsylvanian breathitt group, flat lick, kentucky. Designed for undergraduate and graduate courses in sequence stratigraphy. Correlate the parasequences and make a regional sequence stratigraphic interpretation of facies geometries between the surfaces you have identified, establishing the lithofacies, and the highfrequency sequence stacking pattern and truncation within the section. Sequence stratigraphical evolution of the book cliffs part iv.
Biostratigraphy in sequence stratigraphy aapg wiki. Aug 29, 2015 introductory presentation for a professional field course titled. Unlike dolomite cement precipitation within the shoreface strata in the book cliffs see taylor and machent, 2010, the sequence stratigraphic relationship and relative timing of dolomite cementation to individual stratigraphic surfaces within the fluvial strata in the desert and castlegate reported here are cryptic. Using sequence stratigraphic tools to find and develop prospects at. The book cliffs are one of the worlds best places to study sequence stratigraphy. The campanian book cliffs strata of eastern utah and western colorado has been used to develop, test and refine sedimentological and stratigraphic ideas and models over the years, including the principles and concepts of sequence stratigraphy. Book cliff panorama s9 road mesa verde group sequence stratigraphy stacked coastal reservoir seal pairs parasequences sand shaleout stoiip estimation aquifer characteristics fdp concept coal gulch book cliffs depositional setting coal measures sequence stratigraphy. Sepm members will be able to view papers for free at the website. Three macroscopic diagenetic features can be recognized in the sandstones of the upper cretaceous desert member of the blackhawk formation and castlegate sandstone of the mesaverde group exposed in the book cliffs, utah, each of which have distinctive form, geometry, and stratigraphic distribution. The geological setting descri bed in the lecture is hypothetical, and represents the first of a series of other hypothetical and real geological examples of clastic and carbonate sequence s that are descri bed in the pages that follow. Book cliffs data sets are often used as outcrop analogues for similar subsurface settings worldwide. Exercise 3 regional sequence stratigraphic interpretation. Sequence stratigraphy shortcourse applied stratigraphix. His principle of superposition recognized that older sedimentary layers underlie the newer layers.
Flint, 1999, a sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic reinterpretation of the upper cretaceous prairie canyon member mancos b and associated strata, book cliffs area, utah, u. Expression of sequence stratigraphy in outcrop, the book. Sequence stratigraphy, a branch of sedimentary stratigraphy, is a methodology that uses the order sedimentary strata accumulated within a framework of major depositional and erosional surfaces to interpret the depositional setting of clastic and carbonate. Sequence stratigraphy, a branch of sedimentary stratigraphy, is a. In the 1980s, exxon scientists used the cretaceous strata of the book cliffs to develop the science of sequence stratigraphy. The book cliffs have served as a field analog and laboratory for siliciclastic alluvial and marginal marine systems as well as sequence stratigraphic concepts. The initial exercise is followed by the examination of the stacking patterns of the parasequences. The six sequences are named after prominent sandstone units and include, in ascending order, upper sego sequence, neslen sequence, corcoran sequence, buck. The parasequences are separated from each other using subdividing major surfaces that include ts transgressive surfaces, mfs maximum flooding surface, and sb sequence boundary. The book cliffs, utah have become the premier locality globally for field teaching of sequence stratigraphy. Information was gathered from a number of sources see info for more information. A case study in coastal sequence stratigraphy, offered annually through w. Sequence stratigraphic techniques provide 1 a more effective method for evaluating reservoir system continuity and trend directions and 2 improved methods for predicting reservoir system, source, and sealing.
Exercise 4the objective of this exercise is to continue learning how to identify vertical sets of parasequence s in clastic sections again from measured sections in the book cliffs while extending this to use of parasequence s and walther s law to determine the depositional setting of a series of shoreline facies and to determine non. Sequence stratigraphy field trip applied stratigraphix. The book cliffs of eastern utah are among the most spectacular outcrops of marginal marine. What can the past tell scientists today about the rise and fall of the planets oceans. Publication date 2008 series sepm special publication. Nov 23, 2016 facies analysis and sequence stratigraphic framework of upper campanian strata neslen and mount garfield formations, bluecastle tongue of the castlegate sandstone, and mancos shale, eastern book cliffs, colorado and utah by mark a. Fossil assemblages in the systems tract in addition to the lithological features, systems tracts can possess distinctive fossil assemblages, although the composition of the population varies, depending on the sample location.
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